Resumen–En este artículo se discute el descubrimiento del litopón fosforescente en dibujos a la acuarela por el artista americano John La Farge, fechados de 1890 a 1905, y la historia del litopón en la industria de los pigmentos a finales del Siglo XIX y principios del Siglo XX. A pesar de tener muchas cualidades deseables para su uso en pintura para acuarela o pinturas al óleo blancas, el desarrollo del litopón como pigmento para artistas fue obstaculizado por su tendencia a oscurecerse con la luz solar. Su disponibilidad para los artistas y su adopción por ellos sigue siendo poco clara, ya que por lo general los catálogos comerciales de los coloristas no eran explícitos al describir si los pigmentos blancos contenían litopón. Además, el litopón se puede confundir con blanco de plomo durante el examen visual, y su fosforescencia de corta duración puede ser fácilmente pasada por alto por el observador desinformado. A la fecha, el litopón fosforescente ha sido documentado solamente en otra obra mas: una acuarela por Van Gogh. Además de la historia de la fabricación del litopón, el artículo detalla el mecanismo para su fosforescencia, y su identificación con la ayuda de espectroscopía de Raman, y de espectrofluorimetría.
. It helps to prolong the service life of the plastic product and reduce the need for frequent replacements.
. Titanium oxide is also used in the manufacturing of solar panels, where it helps to improve efficiency and durability.
2. The preparation of the lining powder: The above-mentioned final immersion liquid 1000 ml in a 2000 ml beaker, heated to 98 ° C, and then added 4 g of ammonium persulfate with a magnetic stirrer stirring 0. 5h, after the oxidation of the solution, adding polyacrylamide 02%。 The solution, the volume of the solution is 0.02%. After lh filtration, the obtained filtrate is subjected to sulfurization and impurity removal, and zinc powder is substituted to obtain a zinc sulfate ammonia refining complex liquid. 122. 9g of antimony sulfide (without water) and 21. 7g of sodium sulfide (without water) are mixed and dissolved in distilled water to obtain a metathesis reaction solution, and a nonionic surfactant 0P-10 (for nonylphenol and epoxy) is added to the solution. The condensate of acetamidine) 0. 2g, the reaction temperature is 40 ° C, the stirring speed is 15m / s, stir well for 40min, then slowly added to 1000ml zinc sulfate ammonia refining complex, continue to stir for 30min and then add quality The fractionation is 30% 3⁄40 2 of desulfurization bleaching, and after bleaching, the nZnS-BaS0 4 crystal filter cake is separated by filtration.
Because of its unique properties, titanium dioxide is widely used and is well known in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Titanium dioxide was one of the first materials to be used in nanotechnology products. However, the potential toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles is a controversial subject. Many cosmetic companies use titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Because of its bright whiteness, it is used in products such as paints, coatings, papers, inks, toothpaste, face powder, and food colouring.
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It is naturally opaque and bright, which makes it useful for use in paper, ceramics, rubber, textiles, paints, inks and cosmetics.It is also resistant to ultraviolet (UV) light, and is used widely in sunscreens and pigments that are likely to be exposed to UV light. It is used in a wide variety of personal care products, including color cosmetics such as eye shadow and blush, loose and pressed powders and in sunscreens.
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