Additionally, market demand plays a significant role in determining lithopone pigment prices. Industries such as construction, automotive, and consumer goods have been experiencing fluctuations in demand, influencing the pricing dynamics. In periods of high demand, prices may increase as suppliers adjust to the market trends. Conversely, during downturns or oversupply situations, prices may decrease, providing opportunities for buyers to purchase at more favorable rates.
In order to contribute with experimental evidence that could help to achieve a better understanding of the field for future regulation, in the present work, the biocompatibility of commercial P25TiO2NPs (one type of TiO2NPs used in sunscreen formulations) and two novel functionalized P25TiO2NPs were evaluated under solar simulated irradiation. White light, generated by red, blue, and yellow LEDs, together with UV ones, was chosen to simulate the solar spectra. Functionalization of TiO2NPs was made with antioxidant vitamins in order to prevent the expected photo-initiated ROS production when nanoparticles are exposed to the simulated solar spectra. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin C were chosen to carry out the functionalization because they are water-soluble, low-cost, and are a constitutive part of biological processes. In addition, it is known that both have the potential to prevent macromolecular oxidation by ROS [23], [24], [25], [26].
Lithopone, a chemical compound with a rich history, emerges as a vital substance in various industries. Comprising barium sulfate and zinc sulfide, this compound boasts unique properties that make it a popular choice in applications such as paints, inks, and plastics. Recognized for its exceptional opacity and brightness, lithopone significantly enhances the covering power of materials in which it is incorporated. Its inert nature and resistance to atmospheric influences contribute to its longevity in diverse formulations. As a white pigment, lithopone plays a pivotal role in achieving vibrant and enduring colors across a spectrum of products, marking it as a cornerstone in the realm of chemical compounds.
Price Dynamics. The Titanium Dioxide price in United States decreased during December 2018 to 2,770 USD per metric ton, which represents a decline of 7% compared to the previous month’s value. On a year-over-year basis, Titanium Dioxide prices in United States remained constant . Meanwhile, in Germany, the average price of Titanium Dioxide amounted to 3,720 USD per metric ton, from 3,460 USD per metric ton one year earlier. On a month-over-month basis, the Titanium Dioxide price in Germany is 11% higher than the price one month before.