EFSA's evaluation is related to the risks of TiO2 used as a food additive, not to other uses.
In addition to its functional benefits, TiO2 is also highly stable and inert, making it an ideal choice for use in food products. It does not react with other ingredients in the food and does not impart any taste or odor It does not react with other ingredients in the food and does not impart any taste or odor
On absorption of UV light, photo-generated titanium dioxide particles create singlet oxygen, superoxide anions (O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH-) that are potent free radicals (1,2). Irradiated particles of titanium dioxide can induce oxidative damage to DNA (2) which can lead to the development of mutant cells and skin cancers (3,4,5,6) and lipid peroxidation of essential functions on the cell membrane (7).
≥ 5 % of standard sample
One of the most remarkable aspects of titanium dioxide is its versatility. It is commonly used as a pigment in paints, coatings, and plastics due to its excellent whiteness, brightness, and opacity. In these applications, titanium dioxide helps to create vibrant and long-lasting colors while also providing durability and resistance to weathering. The factories where lithopone is produced adhere to strict quality control measures to ensure that the pigment meets the required specifications for different applicationsIn the global market, anatase titanium dioxide producers face competition from manufacturers of other titanium dioxide polymorphs like rutile. However, the specific attributes of anatase make it irreplaceable in certain sectors However, the specific attributes of anatase make it irreplaceable in certain sectors
A review published in 2022 in the journal NanoImpact evaluated the latest research related to genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide through in vivo studies and in vitro cell tests. Researchers summarized the results by stating TiO2 nanoparticles “could induce genotoxicity prior to cytotoxicity,” and “are likely to be genotoxic to humans.”
Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is dissolved into 12 ~ 14% solution with ethanol and made into film. It is used for printing paper film of ceramic (or enamel) products. The fired ceramic (or enamel) patterns have bright color and smooth texture. The flower paper is characterized by convenient use, low cost, smaller than the original glue, greatly reducing the decal process and high color burning rate. At present, most porcelain factories in China have formed relatively formal production lines for standardized production. Therefore, the demand for PVB in the ceramic (or enamel) flower paper industry is increasing.
Application field of polyvinyl butyral -- electronic adhesive
Polyvinyl butyral contains hydroxyl, vinyl acetate and butyraldehyde, which has high bonding properties. Phenolic Resin was added into PVB ethanol solution to make adhesive, which can be used for a long time at 120 ℃. The product has strong adhesion to metal, wood, leather, glass, fiber and ceramics; FRP can be manufactured to replace non-ferrous metals such as steel, aluminum and copper; The adhesive made by adding this product and curing agent into epoxy resin is often used for bonding and assembly of electronic instrument components, bonding between metal and porous materials, emergency repair, etc. it can also be used in the field of electronic ceramics. In the development of ceramic integrated electronic circuits, this product with medium viscosity and low hydroxyl is used as ceramic powder adhesive to increase the primary strength of ceramics.
Application field of polyvinyl butyral -- copper foil adhesive
Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and phenolic resin cooperate to produce copper foil adhesive, which is used in the production of copper clad laminate. It has good peel strength and tin welding temperature resistance, and is widely used in various fields.
Application field of polyvinyl butyral - self adhesive enamelled wire paint
Polyvinyl butyral is the main raw material of self-adhesive enamelled wire paint. After the enameled wire is wound and formed in the electrodes of motors, electrical appliances and instruments, as long as it is heated for several minutes at a certain temperature or treated with appropriate solvent, the coils can be bonded together by themselves without impregnation and drying.
Tint reducing power, compared with standard samples
In May 2021, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published an opinion that stated that titanium dioxide can no longer be considered safe when used as a food additive.
Furthermore, this packaging has been shown to have both antibacterial and photocatalytic activity, the latter of which reduces ultraviolet (UV) exposure (5Trusted Source, 6).
The Promise and Perils of Food-Safe Titanium Dioxide in Manufacturing
The production of ROS was studied on white blood cells as a model to screen the effect on eukaryotic cells after being exposed to samples and solar simulated irradiation (according to the level of penetration under the skin). For that purpose, the leukocytes were separated from anticoagulated fresh blood using the Ficoll-Hypaque reactive in a well-known technique [33]. Then, 50 μL of suspensions of P25TiO2NPs (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL), vitaminB2@P25TiO2NPs (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) and vitamin B2 (0.2 mg/mL and 0.02 mg/mL) were prepared and mixed with 50 μL of white blood cells suspension. A solution of 3% H2O2 was used as positive control and PBS as negative control. Then, the samples were irradiated using the LED panel for 3 and 6 h to simulate the light penetration into the skin. Also, a set of samples was kept in the dark as control. Finally, the ROS were detected through the colorimetric assay employing the nitroblue tetrazolium salt (NBT salt) and the absorbance at 650 nm was measured. The experiment was reproduced twice; the standard deviation was calculated and p-value < 0.05 were considered significant.
Above 20%, it is recommended to replace 1 kg TiO2 with 1.3 kg of Lithopone 30%.
Wholesale TI02 powder plays a critical role in photocatalysis, a process that harnesses sunlight to drive chemical reactionsThe main treatment objects in coagulation stage are suspended organisms and colloidal impurities in water. The perfection of coagulation process has a great influence on subsequent treatment, such as sedimentation, filtration and chlorination, so it is a very important link in Water Treatment process. Polyaluminum chloride and polyferric sulfate are often used in most waterworks.
The major applications studied in the report include paints & coatings, plastics, printing inks, paper & pulps, rubber, leather, linoleum, and others. Region-wise, the market is studied across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA. Presently, Asia-Pacific accounts for the largest share of the market, followed by North America and Europe.
Chemours, a spin-off from DuPont, is renowned for its Ti-Pure brand of TiO2 pigments, which are known for their superior whiteness and brightness. On the other hand, Evonik Industries, based in Germany, specializes in specialty chemicals, including high-performance TiO2 for advanced applications. Titanium dioxide, with its unique properties, is primarily known for its exceptional whitening and brightening capabilities. This makes it a staple in the production of paints, coatings, and pigments, where it imparts a brilliant white finish and excellent opacity. Suppliers of TiO2 ensure that manufacturers have access to this pigment in the quantities and grades required for their specific applications.Overall, Chinese anatase titanium dioxide stands out as a versatile and valuable material with a wide range of applications in various industries. Its unique properties make it a popular choice for use in pigments, sunscreen, environmental remediation, and energy conversion technologies. As research into this material continues to expand, we can expect to see even more innovative uses and advancements in the field of materials science.